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James and John Chambers were early settlers in South Australia who left England in 1836, became wealthy pastoralists and were closely connected with John McDouall Stuart's expeditions across the continent of Australia. James and John, sons of William and Elizabeth (née Wilson) Chambers, their wives Catherine and Mary (who were sisters) and their young families were among the first colonists, James arriving on the ''Coromandel'' at Holdfast Bay on 17 January 1837.〔http://www.slsa.sa.gov.au/fh/passengerlists/1837Coromandel.htm〕 The plan had been that by leaving on an earlier ship James would arrive in plenty of time to organise accommodation for the rest of the family, but unfavourable winds forced the ''Coromandel'' to delay its departure until 9 September. The ship was further delayed at Cape Town, partly because insufficient and inferior food supplies had brought about so much illness that Captain William Chesser (died 14 February 1840) feared many passengers would die on the voyage.〔The grateful passengers presented Chesser with a purse of gold sovereigns in recognition of his concern. At the later enquiry, the ship's owners and second mate Adams (who was so disliked by the seamen that ten "jumped ship" and settled in Coromandel Valley) insisted that rations were more than adequate and Chesser exceeded his instructions in procuring extra.〕 They arrived 17 January 1837, around two weeks late. The rest of the family, which included sister Priscilla Chambers had a trouble-free voyage in the ''James Renwick'', arriving off Largs Bay on 10 February 1837. Catherine and Mary's brother James Redin also emigrated, arriving with his wife on the ''Navarino'' on 21 February 1856. Margaret Goyder Kerr, in her book ''Colonial Dynasty – the Chambers family of South Australia'', makes the point that the two men were physically quite different, both in build and temperament, and John wore a green satin patch over his blind right eye, so would never be confused by contemporaries. The historian however has great difficulty: they both signed their names "J. Chambers" and were involved in similar (and often the same) activities so that it is difficult if not impossible at many points to determine which brother is involved.〔Kerr, Margaret Goyder ''Colonial dynasty: the Chambers family of South Australia'' Rigby Ltd., Adelaide, 1980. ISBN 0 727010972〕 ==James Chambers== James Chambers "Jemmy" (21 September 1811 – 7 August 1862), born in Ponders End, London〔Heaton, J.H ''Australian Dictionary of Dates and Men of their Time'' George Robertson, Sydney 1879 Not a reliable source but old and fascinating.〕 was a successful grazier and pastoralist in South Australia; with brother John a major sponsor of John McDouall Stuart's expeditions across the continent. He was the first to drive a team of bullocks between Adelaide and Port Adelaide, and Adelaide and Glenelg, effectively creating the Port Road and Bay Road.〔 He ran sheep on a commonage licence in the area now known as Coromandel Valley.〔 He bought a town acre at the first land sale, and imported horses from Van Diemens Land (he and brother John had experience as horse dealers in England)〔'Chambers, John (1815–1889)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/chambers-john-3338/text4785, accessed 26 February 2012〕 They built a house on Montefiore Hill in North Adelaide, at the site later occupied by John Langdon Bonython's Carclew. He opened a livery stable in North Adelaide,〔 He bought bullocks and wagons from Cape Town and coaches from England, he tendered successfully for the mail contract to Burra around 1845 (endorsed by postmaster-general John Watts)〔Captain John Cliffe Watts followed his brother Henry Watts as Postmaster-General from 1841 to 1861, succeeded by James William Lewis, then in 1870 the Post Office was amalgamated with the Telegraph Office and Charles Todd was appointed as its head.〕 and built a substantial business carrying passengers to the mining areas north of Adelaide, including Gawler's expeditions into the country.〔 He provided the horses and carts for Tolmer's gold escort from Mount Alexander to Adelaide in 1852.〔 He was involved with the Jockey Club, and served as Clerk of Course in 1850. He sold his business in 1853 for around £14,000 and holidayed in Long Sutton, Lincolnshire, where he had gained his horse-dealing experience. With his new-found knowledge of what was needed in South Australia, he was able to return in 1856 on the ship ''Albuera''〔Stratton, J., (ed.), ''Biographical Index of South Australians 1836 – 1885'', SA Genealogy and Heraldry Society, Adelaide (1986), Volume I, p. 255.〕 with a useful selection of horses, cattle and sheep. He and John dissolved their partnership and between 1854 and 1857 sold 1700 sq. miles (4403 km²) for £48,000, retaining 270 sq. miles (699 km²) in the north.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chambers brothers (pastoralists)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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